Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Opioid use disorder is one of the deadliest addictions, and it is also the one where the honest message about psychedelics needs the most care. Effective, life-saving medicines already exist, methadone and buprenorphine more than halve the risk of death, and nothing here should be read as a reason to stop them. Against that backdrop, ibogaine can sharply reduce opioid withdrawal and craving in a single dose, but it can also cause fatal heart rhythm problems and has been linked to dozens of deaths. Ketamine has older positive trials and psilocybin is only just entering testing. The interest is real; the proof, and the safety, are not yet there.
How are psychedelics being studied for opioid use disorder? Opioid use disorder involves compulsive opioid use despite harm, and it carries a high risk of overdose and relapse. The most discussed psychedelic here is ibogaine, which small studies and clinics report can reduce withdrawal and craving after a single supervised dose, though its effect on heart rhythm makes careful medical screening essential. Psilocybin is also being explored more cautiously. Across this work the idea is that a supported session might help interrupt entrenched use, alongside established treatments such as opioid agonist therapy rather than replacing them. The evidence is early, the safety questions with ibogaine are serious, and durable abstinence is hard to measure. Blossom tracks the trials, compounds and safety data behind opioid use research so you can weigh the evidence carefully.
Data updated
Key Insights
- 1
Read this one in context: opioid use disorder already has proven, life-saving treatments. Methadone and buprenorphine more than halve mortality, and no psychedelic comes close to that evidence. These compounds are being studied as possible additions, not replacements.
- 2
Ibogaine is the most opioid-specific psychedelic signal: observational studies report that a single dose dramatically reduces withdrawal and craving, sometimes interrupting dependence. But the evidence is uncontrolled, and there is no rigorous efficacy trial.
- 3
Ibogaine is genuinely dangerous to the heart. It prolongs the QT interval and can cause fatal arrhythmias; dozens of deaths have been linked to it, almost all in unregulated settings without cardiac screening. This is the dominant fact about ibogaine.
- 4
Ketamine has the oldest real trials in the whole field: two randomised studies in heroin dependence (Krupitsky, 2002 and 2007) found higher abstinence with ketamine-assisted therapy, but they were small, single-site and have not been replicated.
- 5
Psilocybin for opioids is almost all promise and no results yet: a wave of Phase 2 trials is under way, but published data is limited to tiny feasibility work, so it remains a hypothesis.
By the numbers
- 25
- Trials tracked
- 40
- Papers tracked
- 1,476
- Trial participants
as of June 2026
as of June 2026
as of June 2026
What is Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)?
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is the compulsive use of opioids, prescription painkillers, heroin or illicit fentanyl, despite serious harm, with tolerance, dependence and a punishing withdrawal syndrome. It is among the most lethal of all addictions: opioids drive the overdose crisis, and the World Health Organization attributes the large majority of the world’s hundreds of thousands of annual drug-overdose deaths to opioids[1]. Tens of millions of people are affected worldwide.
The single most important thing to say about OUD is that effective treatment already exists. The opioid agonist medicines methadone and buprenorphine are among the best-evidenced treatments in all of medicine, and a large meta-analysis found that being in this treatment more than halves the death rate, with overdose deaths several times lower on treatment than off it[2]. Any discussion of psychedelics for OUD has to begin there: these are potential future additions to care, not substitutes for medicines that are already saving lives.
This page is scoped to opioids specifically and sits within Blossom’s broader Substance Use Disorders hub, which covers the shared mechanisms and the evidence across alcohol, tobacco and other substances. The honest summary for opioids is a real but uncontrolled signal for ibogaine that comes wrapped in a serious cardiac danger, some genuine but old ketamine trials, and a psilocybin programme that has barely begun.
Current Treatments
Standard care for opioid use disorder is medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD): the opioid agonists methadone and buprenorphine, and the antagonist naltrexone, usually combined with psychosocial support. This is not a weak standard of care. Methadone and buprenorphine are strongly evidence-based and substantially reduce the risk of death[1], which is why correcting the common misconception that they have "limited efficacy" matters: under-treating OUD with proven medicines costs lives.
Where the gap lies is not that these medicines fail, but that many people never access them, stop them too early, or still struggle with craving, comorbid depression or trauma. That is the realistic space psychedelics might one day occupy: helping with detoxification, craving or co-occurring conditions, as an addition to MOUD rather than an alternative. None of the compounds on this page is an approved OUD treatment, and one of them, ibogaine, carries a risk of sudden cardiac death that has to be weighed against any benefit.
This report summarises what Blossom’s database shows about psychedelic and dissociative compounds for opioid use disorder, and what it does not show. The short version: this is the addiction indication where honesty matters most, because opioids kill and effective treatment already exists. Against the backdrop of life-saving agonist medicines, ibogaine offers a real but uncontrolled anti-withdrawal signal wrapped in a serious risk of cardiac death, ketamine has old positive trials, and psilocybin has barely started. Nothing here is a proven opioid treatment, and nothing here should pull anyone away from medicines that work.
A note before the evidence
This page is a research summary, not medical advice, and nothing here is a treatment recommendation. None of the compounds discussed is an approved treatment for opioid use disorder. Crucially, methadone and buprenorphine are proven to save lives, and stopping or avoiding them in favour of an unproven psychedelic is dangerous. Opioid withdrawal and detoxification can be medically risky and should be done with professional support, and ibogaine specifically can cause fatal heart rhythm problems. If you or someone you know is struggling with opioids, evidence-based treatment is available now and is the right first step.
This page sits within Blossom’s Substance Use Disorders hub and is scoped to opioids specifically. A word on the numbers: Blossom tracks 40 papers and 25 trials tagged to this topic, and those counts appear on the page. The tag is leaky, pulling in tobacco, cluster-headache, general-addiction and population-survey work, so the genuinely opioid-specific clinical core is small, around a dozen studies, almost all ibogaine or ketamine. Read the counts as breadth of coverage, not as the depth of the opioid evidence.
Start with what works: the medication backdrop
It would be irresponsible to discuss psychedelics for opioids without first being clear about the standard of care, because the standard of care is genuinely good. Methadone and buprenorphine are opioid agonist medicines with one of the strongest evidence bases in addiction medicine: a meta-analysis of cohort studies found all-cause mortality roughly three times higher off methadone treatment than on it, and overdose mortality several times higher, with similar protection from buprenorphine[1]. In plain terms, staying in treatment more than halves the risk of dying. That is the bar. Every compound below should be read as a candidate addition to this care, not a replacement for it, and the common claim that these medicines have "limited efficacy" is both wrong and dangerous.
Ibogaine: a real signal and a real danger
Ibogaine is the compound most specifically tied to opioids, and the anti-withdrawal signal is striking. An observational study of 30 opioid-dependent people found withdrawal scores roughly halved within days, with half opioid-free at one month[2]; a large open-label case series of 191 people reported reduced withdrawal and craving[3]; and a New Zealand follow-up found drug-use and depression reductions sustained to twelve months[4]. People often describe a single session interrupting a dependence that nothing else had touched. Taken at face value, that is remarkable.
It must not be taken purely at face value, for two reasons. First, all of this evidence is uncontrolled, observational, open-label, retrospective, with no rigorous efficacy trial and no human meta-analysis. Second, and more seriously, ibogaine is cardiotoxic. It blocks a cardiac potassium channel, prolongs the QT interval and can cause torsades de pointes, a fatal arrhythmia: a formal safety study found clinically significant QT prolongation in a large proportion of patients[5], it is bluntly described as neurotoxic and cardiotoxic and linked to deaths by cardiac arrest[6], and reviews have catalogued fatalities[7]. Dozens of ibogaine-associated deaths have been reported, overwhelmingly in unregulated clinics and ceremonies without cardiac screening or monitoring. The same loosely controlled settings produce both the encouraging stories and the bodies.
The most constructive response to that danger is to engineer around it. One approach co-administers intravenous magnesium to buffer the heart, the method used in a 2024 study of magnesium-ibogaine in veterans with traumatic brain injury (not opioid use disorder), which reported no serious cardiac events[8]; another develops ibogaine analogues designed to keep the anti-addiction effect while shedding the cardiac toxicity. Both are promising and neither is proven for opioids. Until a controlled trial shows ibogaine can reduce opioid use safely, the honest position is that its power and its lethality are, for now, inseparable.
Ketamine: the oldest real trials
Ketamine has the distinction of the oldest genuine randomised trials in psychedelic addiction medicine, both in heroin dependence and both from a single Russian group. The first (n=70) compared a higher, psychedelic-dose ketamine-assisted psychotherapy against a low dose and found greater abstinence and longer craving reduction over two years[9]; the second (n=59) found that three ketamine sessions produced one-year abstinence of 50%, against about 22% for a single session[10].
That is real randomised evidence, and it should be given its due. But it should also be kept in proportion: the trials are small, single-site, two decades old, and have barely been replicated in opioid use disorder, and a review of ketamine across substance use disorders found the opioid work encouraging but largely not placebo-controlled[11]. Modern OUD ketamine trials are only now recruiting. Ketamine is a credible, under-tested idea whose best evidence is old, not an established opioid treatment.
Psilocybin and MDMA: barely begun
For psilocybin, the opioid story is almost all future. The only opioid-specific published study is a two-person feasibility report showing psilocybin can be given safely to people stabilised on buprenorphine[12], with no efficacy claim. The wider rationale leans on population associations, such as a national survey linking lifetime psilocybin use to lower odds of opioid use disorder[13], which is suggestive but cannot establish cause. A cluster of Phase 2 psilocybin trials is now recruiting, so this is a section to revisit, not to rely on. MDMA, similarly, has no opioid-specific efficacy data and is relevant only for the common comorbidity of opioid use disorder with post-traumatic stress, where it is being tested to treat the trauma rather than the addiction.
How might these work?
The mechanisms are partly understood and partly hypothesis. Ibogaine is genuinely unusual pharmacologically: it and its long-lived metabolite noribogaine act at opioid, serotonin, nicotinic and NMDA receptors and the monoamine transporters all at once[14], and this broad, multi-target action is thought to underlie both its anti-withdrawal effect and, unfortunately, its cardiac toxicity. Ketamine works mainly by blocking the NMDA receptor and is thought to promote a window of neuroplasticity. For the classic psychedelics, the proposed mechanism is the familiar 5-HT2A-driven plasticity plus a meaningful psychological experience, but for opioids that remains conjecture, since the trials that would test it have not reported.
Reading this honestly
So where does opioid use disorder sit? It is the clearest case in this field for leading with caution rather than promise. There is a real, repeatedly observed signal that ibogaine can lift opioid withdrawal, and there are genuine, if old, randomised data for ketamine, both of which deserve serious, careful study. But opioids already have treatments that save lives, ibogaine can kill through its effect on the heart, and the most exciting newcomer, psilocybin, has essentially no results yet. The honest conclusion is not cynicism, these signals are worth chasing, but a firm ordering of priorities: keep people on the proven medicines, study the psychedelics rigorously and safely as possible additions, and treat the gap between ibogaine’s underground promise and its underground death toll as the central problem to solve. For a condition this lethal, getting that order right is not pedantry; it is the whole point.
Psychedelic Effect Matrix
Compound efficacy and evidence levels for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).
| Compound | Magnitude | Evidence | Consistency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ibogaine Observational and open-label studies consistently report that a single dose sharply reduces opioid withdrawal and craving, occasionally interrupting dependence. But there is no controlled efficacy trial, and ibogaine prolongs the QT interval and can cause fatal arrhythmias, with dozens of deaths linked to it. Promise shadowed by a real risk of death. | Large | Low | Moderate |
| Ketamine The oldest real trials in the field: two randomised studies in heroin dependence (Krupitsky 2002, 2007) found higher abstinence with ketamine-assisted therapy. But they were small, single-site (Russia), decades old and unreplicated for OUD, and most other ketamine addiction work is not placebo-controlled. | Medium | Low | Low |
| Psilocybin No efficacy results yet. The only opioid-specific data is a 2-person feasibility report showing psilocybin can be given safely alongside buprenorphine. A wave of Phase 2 trials is recruiting, and population surveys associate psilocybin use with lower odds of OUD, but that is correlation, not evidence of treatment. | None | Very Low | Low |
| MDMA No opioid-specific efficacy data. MDMA is relevant to OUD only where it overlaps with post-traumatic stress, and it is being tested for comorbid PTSD-and-OUD, treating the trauma rather than the addiction directly. | None | Very Low | Low |
Ibogaine and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Ibogaine is the compound most specifically associated with opioids, and its signal is genuinely striking: a single dose appears to switch off much of opioid withdrawal. An observational study of 30 opioid-dependent people found withdrawal scores roughly halved within days and half were opioid-free at one month[1], a large open-label case series (191 people) reported that ibogaine diminishes withdrawal and craving[2], and a 12-month follow-up study found sustained reductions in drug use and depression[3].
But the dominant fact about ibogaine is danger, not promise. It prolongs the heart’s QT interval and can trigger fatal arrhythmias: a safety study found QT prolongation in a large share of patients[4], ibogaine is described as neurotoxic and cardiotoxic and linked to deaths by cardiac arrest[5], and reviews document fatalities[6], with dozens of deaths reported overall, almost all in unregulated settings without screening. One promising direction is pairing ibogaine with intravenous magnesium to protect the heart, the approach used in a 2024 study in veterans (for brain injury, not OUD)[7], but for opioids ibogaine remains uncontrolled and dangerous.
Ketamine and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic, has the oldest genuine trials in this whole field. Two randomised studies of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for heroin dependence in Russia reported real benefits: the first (n=70) found higher abstinence and longer-lasting craving reduction with a higher, psychedelic dose than a low dose over two years[1], and the second (n=59) found that three sessions produced higher one-year abstinence (50%) than a single session (about 22%)[2].
These are real randomised data, which is more than most compounds here can claim, but they come with heavy qualifications: small samples, a single centre, designs from the early 2000s, and almost no replication in opioid use disorder since. A review of ketamine for substance use disorders found the opioid studies encouraging but mostly not placebo-controlled[3], and modern OUD trials are only now under way. Ketamine is a promising, under-tested idea rather than an established opioid treatment.
Psilocybin and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Psilocybin for opioid use disorder is almost entirely a future-tense story. The opioid-specific published evidence is a two-person feasibility report showing psilocybin could be given safely to people stabilised on buprenorphine, with no serious adverse events and no change in craving or withdrawal[1], which is a safety signal, not an efficacy result.
The enthusiasm rests partly on population data, such as a large national survey linking lifetime psilocybin use to lower odds of opioid use disorder[2], but cross-sectional associations like that cannot show that psilocybin treats anything. A cluster of Phase 2 trials (including psilocybin alongside buprenorphine induction and in methadone-maintained patients) is now recruiting, so this section may look very different in a few years. For now, psilocybin for opioids is a hypothesis with trials attached, not a result.
MDMA and Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
MDMA has essentially no opioid-specific evidence, and it would be misleading to imply otherwise. Where it is relevant is the heavy overlap between opioid use disorder and post-traumatic stress: MDMA-assisted therapy is being studied for people who have both, on the logic of treating the trauma that often drives the drug use.
That is a reasonable hypothesis and a legitimate line of research, but it is not a treatment for opioid addiction as such, and there are no results yet to report. On its own terms, MDMA does not have a meaningful opioid evidence base, and the honest placement is as a possible future option for the comorbid PTSD case rather than for OUD directly.
Clinical Outlook
The near-term picture is a split between an old, dangerous candidate and a young, unproven one. Ibogaine’s future hinges almost entirely on safety: unless its cardiac risk can be reliably controlled, for example by the magnesium co-administration approach being explored in other indications[1], it is hard to see it becoming a mainstream OUD treatment whatever its anti-withdrawal power. Meanwhile a wave of psilocybin Phase 2 trials and renewed ketamine trials should, over the next few years, finally produce the controlled opioid data the field has lacked.
The realistic outlook is cautious and adjunctive. Even in a best case, psychedelics are likely to find a role around the edges of opioid treatment, helping with detoxification, craving or co-occurring depression and trauma, rather than replacing the agonist medicines that keep people alive. The worst case, and a real risk, is that hype around ibogaine in particular pulls vulnerable people away from proven treatment and into unregulated, sometimes fatal, settings. For opioids more than any other addiction, the honest message is to hold the promise and the danger together, and to keep proven, life-saving care at the centre.
Industrial Landscape
The opioid space is unusual in how much of its psychedelic activity happens outside formal medicine. Ibogaine in particular is delivered largely through a network of private clinics and underground providers in countries where it is unregulated, rather than by drug developers running trials, which is precisely why its safety record is so poor. A few companies are working on safer ibogaine analogues (such as derivatives intended to keep the anti-craving effect while reducing cardiac toxicity), and academic groups have run the small ibogaine safety and observational studies.
On the more conventional side, the running is academic and increasingly well funded: university teams and initiatives such as large philanthropic and government-backed programmes are driving the new psilocybin and ketamine opioid trials. The commercial calculus is awkward, though, because opioid use disorder is served by cheap, effective generics (methadone, buprenorphine), so the bar for a new, more complex treatment is high.
For an honest broker, the key stakeholder issue here is the gap between the regulated research world and the unregulated ibogaine economy. The encouraging withdrawal data and the deaths come from the same loosely controlled settings, and the most important contribution formal research can make is to determine, safely, whether the signal is real and whether it can ever be delivered without killing people.
Quick Indicators
Related Topics
Organisations
Search →National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
U.S. federal institute setting addiction-research priorities and portfolios, including psychedelic-related investigations.
Radboud University
Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc) is one of the Netherlands' leading academic medical centers, located in Nijmegen. It combines patient care, education, and scientific research under one roof, with a particular strength in neuroscience through its Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience. Radboudumc is known for its translational research approach. The medical centre bridges fundamental science and clinical practice across areas including oncology, rare diseases, and psychiatry. In the field of psychedelic medicine, Radboudumc has been involved in ibogaine research, conducting studies through its Department of Pharmacology–Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, examining ibogaine as a potential treatment for opioid use disorder. This work included a clinical study evaluating the cardiac, cerebellar, and psychomimetic safety of ibogaine in opioid-dependent patients, contributing important safety data to the broader scientific understanding of this compound.
MAPS
MAPS, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit research and educational organization founded in 1986. It works nationally and with a broader global audience to develop medical, legal, and cultural contexts for the careful use of psychedelics and marijuana. Its core activities include research, education, advocacy, and convening the field through large public events. In psychedelic medicine and policy, MAPS positions itself as an advocate for legal access, drug policy reform, harm reduction, and health equity. Its Policy & Advocacy work includes legislative advocacy, community organizing, and impact litigation, and it has also launched work on access for system-impacted people and broader health equity in the legal psychedelic ecosystem. Current documented initiatives include the Psychedelic Science conference series, the Health Equity Program, The Zendo Project, and Ask MAPS, which handles public inquiries about therapy, research, and policy reform.
University of Amsterdam
The University of Amsterdam (UvA) is one of the Netherlands' leading research universities, with its Amsterdam UMC Department of Psychiatry conducting clinical trials on psilocybin and psychedelic-assisted therapies for treatment-resistant mental health conditions.
Ketamine Research Institute
The Ketamine Research Institute is a US-based clinical research organization developing precision medicine approaches to ketamine infusion therapy, studying optimized dosing protocols to treat depression and offering clinician training in evidence-based ketamine practice.
Columbia University
Research with psychedelics has been taking place at Columbia University in New York since 2014. Researchers from various departments at the university including Medicine, Psychology and Psychiatry have conducted numerous trials investigating the effects ketamine has on substance use disorders. Some research exploring the anti-depressant effects of ketamine has also taken place. More recently, Columbia University served as a test site for COMPASS Pathway's COMP360 trial which explored the effects of psilocybin on treatment-resistant depression. Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Dr David Hellerstein served as the principal investigator at this study site.
University of California San Diego
The Psychedelics and Health Research Initiative (PHRI) focuses heavily on conducting pilot studies and clinical trials while collecting diverse biometric data—including fMRI, EEG, and cognitive metrics—from study participants. This data-driven approach aims to unravel the biological and neurological underpinnings of how psychedelics facilitate healing.
Johns Hopkins University
The Centre for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research focuses on how psychedelics affect behavior, cognition, brain function, and biological health markers. They have been at the forefront of demonstrating the safety and efficacy of psychedelics for mental disorders, expanding their focus into psilocybin research across multiple mental health conditions, including smoking cessation, major depressive disorder, and cancer-related anxiety.
Yale University
In 2016, the 'Yale Psychedelic Science Group' was established as a forum where clinicians and scholars from across Yale can learn about and discuss the rapidly re-emerging field of psychedelic science and therapeutics in an academically rigorous manner. Research with psychedelics is also underway at Yale School of Medicine. A recent study at the university found that a single dose of psilocybin can cause structural changes in the brain that counteract symptoms of depression.
University of Wisconsin-Madison
The University of Wisconsin-Madison Transdisciplinary Center for Research in Psychoactive Substances is dedicated to exploring the scientific, historical, and cultural aspects of psychoactive substances, focusing on psychedelics.
Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) is a public federal research university based in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with multiple campuses and a strong reputation in health sciences and related programs.
atai Therapeutics, Inc.
atai Life Sciences (operating as atai Therapeutics, Inc. in the US) is a publicly traded clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company founded in 2018 with the largest and most diverse portfolio of psychedelic-derived drug candidates, including DMT, R-MDMA, psilocin, 5-MeO-DMT (BPL-003), and ibogaine for depression, anxiety, and addiction. Following its 2024 merger with Beckley Psytech to form AtaiBeckley, BPL-003 received FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for treatment-resistant depression with Phase 3 trials anticipated in 2026.
People
Search →Eduardo Schenberg
Neuroscientist and founder/director of Instituto Phaneros
A leading Brazilian psychedelic researcher known for clinical and translational work on ayahuasca, ibogaine, MDMA, and ethics/policy in psychedelic medicine.
Elena Argento
Researcher and postdoctoral scholar at the University of British Columbia / BC Centre on Substance Use
Elena Argento is notable for community-based research on psychedelics, sexual health, and substance use, including studies on marginalized women, ayahuasca-assisted therapy, and potential psychedelic-related reductions in suicidality and opioid use.
Dalibor Sames
Professor of Chemistry at Columbia University
He is a leading medicinal/organic chemist whose group has helped define the pharmacology and synthetic development of ibogaine and iboga analogs in psychedelic and neurotherapeutic research.
Ido Hartogsohn
Senior Lecturer at Bar-Ilan University, Graduate Program in Science, Technology and Society
He is a leading scholar on set and setting, one of the central concepts in psychedelic science, and has shaped historical and sociological understanding of how context influences psychedelic effects.
David Olson
TBD
TBD
Luiz Tófoli
Professor in the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP
Notable for empirical and methodological contributions to the study of ayahuasca, ibogaine and early-stage psychedelic-assisted therapies in Brazil, including survey research on adverse effects and pilot clinical work with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Alan Davis
Associate Professor of Social Work & Director, Center for Psychedelic Drug Research
Noted for advancing epidemiological, naturalistic and mixed-method research on therapeutic and adverse outcomes of psychedelics and for translating those findings into clinical and harm-reduction contexts.
Ben Sessa
Consultant Psychiatrist and Clinical Researcher
An early and visible figure in the contemporary psychedelic renaissance, notable for initiating clinical MDMA-assisted psychotherapy trials for alcohol use disorder and for contributions linking psychedelic phenomenology to neuroimaging findings and clinical safety research.
Celia Morgan
Clinical Psychopharmacologist
Notable for experimental and clinical research on MDMA/ecstasy effects on social cognition and for translating ketamine and MDMA-assisted approaches into treatments for alcohol use disorder.
Berra Yazar-Klosinski
CEO of Yazar Lab, Former CSO at Lykos Therapeutics
Pivotal in leading Phase 3 clinical trials for MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD.
Albert Garcia-Romeu
Associate Professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Leading researcher on the use of psilocybin for addiction and the role of spirituality in mental health.
Roland Griffiths
Professor of Neuroscience and Psychiatry
Seminal figure in the modern 'psychedelic renaissance' and founding director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research.
Connected Evidence
The latest clinical data and verified academic findings associated with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD).