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Research/Psilocybin for Depressive Disorders/Adverse events
Curated safety summary

Psilocybin for Depressive Disorders: adverse events

Psilocybin safety reports for Depressive Disorders most often include headache, nausea, anxiety, fatigue among the source-backed named adverse events currently normalized in Blossom.

Papers with named AEs
22
Named AE rows
188
Source papers
119
Residual papers
97

How to read this summary

This page summarizes named adverse-event rows extracted from published paper, supplement, and registry evidence. It is intended as an evidence navigation aid and should not be read as a formal pharmacovigilance estimate or direct cross-trial comparison.

Most commonly reported named events

Counts are aggregated from source-backed named adverse-event rows. Denominators are shown only where the source row reported or clearly inherited one.

Back to evidence set →
EventAggregate countRatePapersSource terms
headache280/119323.5%14Headache, headache, headaches lasting no more than 1-2 days, transient headache
nausea122/90713.5%13Nausea, mild and transient nausea, nausea, transient nausea
anxiety109/14037.77%15Anxiety, anxiety, transient anxiety, transient anxiety lasting for minutes
fatigue52/7057.38%9Fatigue, fatigue
insomnia31/9513.26%6Insomnia, insomnia
abdominal discomfort25/8402.98%3Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal pain
diarrhea20/4244.72%5Diarrhea, Diarrhoea
blood pressure increased18/3225.59%7Blood pressure increased, Hypertension, hypertension
dizziness17/5443.13%6Dizziness
tremor16/6002.67%1Tremor
panic reaction16/8081.98%1Panic attack
palpitations15/4063.69%4Palpitations

headache

headache was captured in 14 source papers (280/1193). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Psilocybin|33/50| 66%| during treatment
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
registry:single-dose-psilocybin-treatment-for-major-depressive-disorder-a-randomized-clin:NCT03866174:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Headache 33/50 (66%) in Psilocybin.

Psilocybin high|32/160| 20%| Dosing Days +1 until +7
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; IES. Back pain 3 (2%) 3 (4%) 3 (6%) Any serious adverse event 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Dosing Days +1 until +7 Any adverse event 86 (54%) 32 (44%) 14 (29%) Any severe adverse event 6 (4%) 1 (1%) 2 (4%) Adverse events occurring in ≥ 5% of participants in any group Headache 32 (20%) 10 (14%) 3 (6%) Asthenia/Fatigue 13 (8%) 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Abnormal dreams 10 (6%) 3 (4%) 0 (0%) Anxiety 6 (4%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 7 (4%) 0 (0%)

Psilocybin high|28/160| 18%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; (2%) Any serious adverse event 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Dosing Days +8 (until +42 or next IMP administration) Any adverse event 102 (64%) 51 (71%) 33 (69%) Any severe adverse event 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 3 (6%) Adverse events occurring in ≥ 5% of participants in any group Headache 28 (18%) 21 (29%) 11 (23%) Depression 8 (5%) 3 (4%) 4 (8%) Covid-19 8 (5%) 1 (1%) 4 (8%) Nausea 6 (4%) 9 (13%) 1 (2%) Nasopharyngitis 7 (4%) 0 (0%) 5 (10%) B

Psilocybin low|21/72| 29%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; (2%) Any serious adverse event 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Dosing Days +8 (until +42 or next IMP administration) Any adverse event 102 (64%) 51 (71%) 33 (69%) Any severe adverse event 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 3 (6%) Adverse events occurring in ≥ 5% of participants in any group Headache 28 (18%) 21 (29%) 11 (23%) Depression 8 (5%) 3 (4%) 4 (8%) Covid-19 8 (5%) 1 (1%) 4 (8%) Nausea 6 (4%) 9 (13%) 1 (2%) Nasopharyngitis 7 (4%) 0 (0%) 5 (10%) B

nausea

nausea was captured in 13 source papers (122/907). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Psilocybin|24/50| 48%| during treatment
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
registry:single-dose-psilocybin-treatment-for-major-depressive-disorder-a-randomized-clin:NCT03866174:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Nausea 24/50 (48%) in Psilocybin.

Psilocybin|10/48| 20.8%| during treatment
Multidimensional Personality Changes Following Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
registry:multidimensional-personality-changes-following-psilocybin-assisted-therapy-in-pa:NCT02061293:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Nausea 10/48 (20.8%) in Psilocybin.

Psilocybin|10/48| 20.8%| during treatment
Spiritual experiences in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Case reports of communion with the divine, the departed, and saints in research using psilocybin for the treatment of alcohol dependence
registry:spiritual-experiences-in-psychedelic-assisted-psychotherapy-case-reports-of-comm:NCT02061293:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Nausea 10/48 (20.8%) in Psilocybin.

Ayahuasca|10/14| 71.4%| during treatment
Changes in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca
registry:changes-in-inflammatory-biomarkers-are-related-to-the-antidepressant-effects-of-:NCT02914769:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Nausea 10/14 (71.4%) in Ayahuasca.

anxiety

anxiety was captured in 15 source papers (109/1403). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Psilocybin|n=15| during treatment
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
paper results text

Consistent with our earlier report on the initial 12 patients from this trial, transient anxiety lasting for minutes (n = 15) and headaches lasting no more than 1-2 days (n = 8) were the most common side effects. Five reported transient nausea but there were no cases of vomiting.

Psilocybin|12/12| during treatment
Single-Dose Synthetic Psilocybin With Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Type II Major Depressive Episodes
supplement:single-dose-synthetic-psilocybin-with-psychotherapy-for-treatment-resistant-bipo:Supplement 1

tolerated and no serious or unexpected AEs were reported. The AEs903 noted were transient anxiety (12/12 patients, 100%) during psilocybin onset, transient904 confusion or thought disorder (9/12 patients, 75%), mild t

Psilocybin|n=12| during treatment
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study
paper results text

The most common adverse events were transient anxiety (mostly mild) during drug onset (n=12), transient confusion or thought disorder (n=9), mild and transient nausea (n=4), and transient headache (n=4; table).

Psilocybin high|11/160| 7%| Dosing Days after IMP administration
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; g Psilocybin (N = 72) 100 mg Nicotinamide (N = 48) Dosing Days after IMP administration Any severe adverse event 44 (28%) 3 (4%) 4 (8%) Affect alteration/lability 11 (7%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Emotional distress 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Dissociation 11 (7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Anxiety 11 (7%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Panic attack 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Vivid imagination 9 (6%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Hypertension 4 (3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Hypertensive crisis 1 (1%) 0

fatigue

fatigue was captured in 9 source papers (52/705). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Psilocybin high|13/160| 8%| Dosing Days +1 until +7
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; ious adverse event 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Dosing Days +1 until +7 Any adverse event 86 (54%) 32 (44%) 14 (29%) Any severe adverse event 6 (4%) 1 (1%) 2 (4%) Adverse events occurring in ≥ 5% of participants in any group Headache 32 (20%) 10 (14%) 3 (6%) Asthenia/Fatigue 13 (8%) 2 (3%) 0 (0%) Abnormal dreams 10 (6%) 3 (4%) 0 (0%) Anxiety 6 (4%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 7 (4%) 0 (0%) 1 (2%) Any serious adverse event 1 (1%) 0

COMP360 Psilocybin|6/22| 27.3%| during treatment
Investigating the safety and tolerability of single-dose psilocybin for post-traumatic stress disorder: A nonrandomized open-label clinical trial
registry:investigating-the-safety-and-tolerability-of-single-dose-psilocybin-for-post-tra:NCT05312151:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Fatigue 6/22 (27.3%) in COMP360 Psilocybin.

Ketamine+Education|6/24| 25%| during treatment
Adjunctive Ketamine With Relapse Prevention-Based Psychological Therapy in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder
registry:adjunctive-ketamine-with-relapse-prevention-based-psychological-therapy-in-the-t:NCT02649231:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Fatigue 6/24 (25%) in Ketamine+Education.

Psilocybin|5/50| 10%| during treatment
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
registry:single-dose-psilocybin-treatment-for-major-depressive-disorder-a-randomized-clin:NCT03866174:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Fatigue 5/50 (10%) in Psilocybin.

insomnia

insomnia was captured in 6 source papers (31/951). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Nicotinamide|5/48| 10%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; OF THE CC-BY-NC-ND LICENSE, WHICH DOES NOT PERMIT ALTERATION OR COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdominal discomfort 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 3 (6%) Any serious adverse event 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Footnotes: Adve

Psilocybin high|4/160| 3%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; OF THE CC-BY-NC-ND LICENSE, WHICH DOES NOT PERMIT ALTERATION OR COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdominal discomfort 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 3 (6%) Any serious adverse event 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Footnotes: Adve

Psilocybin|3/48| 6.30%| during treatment
Multidimensional Personality Changes Following Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
registry:multidimensional-personality-changes-following-psilocybin-assisted-therapy-in-pa:NCT02061293:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Insomnia 3/48 (6.3%) in Psilocybin.

Psilocybin|3/50| 6%| during treatment
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
registry:single-dose-psilocybin-treatment-for-major-depressive-disorder-a-randomized-clin:NCT03866174:ctg-api

ClinicalTrials.gov adverse events: Insomnia 3/50 (6%) in Psilocybin.

abdominal discomfort

abdominal discomfort was captured in 3 source papers (25/840). Interpret this as a source-backed named-event summary, not a head-to-head safety comparison.

Psilocybin high|7/160| 4%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; 2026 MERTENS LJ ET AL. JAMA PSYCHIATRY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE TERMS OF THE CC-BY-NC-ND LICENSE, WHICH DOES NOT PERMIT ALTERATION OR COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdom

Psilocybin low|4/72| 6%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; 2026 MERTENS LJ ET AL. JAMA PSYCHIATRY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE TERMS OF THE CC-BY-NC-ND LICENSE, WHICH DOES NOT PERMIT ALTERATION OR COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdom

Nicotinamide|3/48| 6%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; R COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdominal discomfort 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 3 (6%) Any serious adverse event 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Footnotes: Adverse events (AEs) are reported as treatment-emergent AEs starti

Nicotinamide|2/48| 4%| Dosing Days +8
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
supplement:efficacy-and-safety-of-psilocybin-in-treatment-resistant-major-depression-the-episode-randomized:Figures and Tables

25 mg Psilocybin N=160 | 5 mg Psilocybin N=72 | 100 mg Nicotinamide N=48; 2026 MERTENS LJ ET AL. JAMA PSYCHIATRY. THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE TERMS OF THE CC-BY-NC-ND LICENSE, WHICH DOES NOT PERMIT ALTERATION OR COMMERCIAL USE, INCLUDING THOSE FOR TEXT AND DATA MINING, AI TRAINING, AND SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. Abdominal pain 7 (4%) 4 (6%) 2 (4%) Anxiety 5 (3%) 3 (4%) 1 (2%) Panic attack 2 (1%) 2 (3%) 2 (4%) Insomnia 4 (3%) 1 (1%) 5 (10%) Diarrhoea 5 (3%) 6 (8%) 3 (6%) Abdom

Limitations

  • Counts are aggregated from source-backed named adverse-event rows and may mix event windows, arms, and safety populations when papers report them differently.
  • Papers still in the named-AE residual blocker queue are not interpreted as event absence.
  • Denominators are included only when the source row reported or clearly inherited one.
  • This summary is a curated navigation layer, not a substitute for paper-level safety review.

Source papers

Short-Term and Late-Term Effects of Psilocybin on Symptoms in Major Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Network Open | 2026
A phase 1 study of a second experience with Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for partial responders after a first experience
2026
Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: The EPISODE Randomized Clinical Trial
JAMA Psychiatry | 2026
Efficacy and Safety of the Neuroplastogen TSND-201 for the Treatment of PTSD A Randomized Clinical Trial
JAMA Psychiatry | 2026
Investigating the safety and tolerability of single-dose psilocybin for post-traumatic stress disorder: A nonrandomized open-label clinical trial
Journal of Psychopharmacology | 2025
Multidimensional Personality Changes Following Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
American Journal of Psychiatry | 2025
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy improves psychiatric symptoms across multiple dimensions in patients with cancer
Nature Mental Health | 2024
Single-Dose Synthetic Psilocybin With Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Type II Major Depressive Episodes
JAMA Psychiatry | 2024
Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
JAMA | 2023
Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder
Journal of Psychiatric Research | 2023
Exploratory study of the dose-related safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in healthy volunteers and major depressive disorder
Neuropsychopharmacology | 2022
Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression
Nature Medicine | 2022